ASTM A334/A334M Standard Specification for Seamless and Welded Carbon and Alloy-Steel Tubes for Low-Temperature Service.

ASTM A334/A334M低温用无缝和焊接碳钢和合金钢管标准规范。

ASTM A334 specification covers standard specification for several grades of minimum-wall-thickness, seamless and welded, carbon and alloy-steel tubes intended for use at low temperatures. The steel shall conform to the required chemical composition for carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, silicon, nickel, chromium, copper, cobalt, and molybdenum. The number of tubes in a heat-treatment lot shall be determined from the size of the tubes. The tubes shall have a hardness number that does not exceed the prescribed Rockwell and Brinell hardness values. Several grades of steel shall conform to the following tensile properties: tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation. For Grades 1, 3, 6, 7, and 9, the notch-bar impact properties of each set of three impact specimens, including specimens for the welded joint in welded pipe, shall not be less than the prescribed values. Several mechanical tests shall be conducted, namely: flattening test; flare test (seamless tubes); flange test (welded tubes); reverse flattening test; hardness test; and impact tests. Hydrostatic or nondestructive electric test shall also be performed. Materials shall be tested for impact resistance at the prescribed temperature for the respective grades. Impact temperature reduction values shall be by any amount equal to the difference between the temperature reduction corresponding to the actual material thickness and the temperature reduction corresponding to Charpy specimen width actually tested.

ASTM A334规范涵盖了用于低温的几种等级的最小壁厚无缝和焊接碳和合金钢管的标准规范。钢应符合碳、锰、磷、硫、硅、镍、铬、铜、钴和钼所需的化学成分。热处理批次中的管子数量应根据管子的尺寸确定。管子的硬度值不得超过规定的洛氏和布氏硬度值。几种等级的钢应符合以下拉伸性能：抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率。对于1、3、6、7和9级，每组三个冲击试样（包括焊接管焊接接头试样）的缺口棒冲击性能不得低于规定值。应进行多项机械试验，即：压扁试验；火炬试验（无缝管）；法兰试验（焊接管）；反向压扁试验；硬度试验；以及冲击试验。还应进行静水压或无损电试验。应在规定温度下测试各等级材料的抗冲击性。冲击温度降低值应等于实际材料厚度对应的温度降低与实际测试的夏比试样宽度对应的温度减少之间的差值。

Scope范围

1.1 This specification2 covers several grades of minimum-wall-thickness, seamless and welded, carbon and alloy-steel tubes intended for use at low temperatures. Some product sizes may not be available under this specification because heavier wall thicknesses have an adverse affect on low-temperature impact properties.

1.1本规范2涵盖了用于低温的几种最小壁厚等级的无缝和焊接碳和合金钢管。根据本规范，某些产品尺寸可能不可用，因为较厚的壁厚会对低温冲击性能产生不利影响。

1.2 Supplementary Requirement S1 of an optional nature is provided. This shall apply only when specified by the purchaser.

1.2提供了可选性质的补充要求S1。这仅适用于买方指定的情况。

NOTE 1: For tubing smaller than 1/2  in. [12.7 mm] in outside diameter, the elongation values given for strip specimens in Table 1 shall apply. Mechanical property requirements do not apply to tubing smaller than 1/8  in. [3.2 mm] in outside diameter and with a wall thickness under 0.015 in. [0.4 mm].

注1：对于外径小于1/2英寸[12.7毫米]的管子，表1中给出的条形试样伸长率值应适用。机械性能要求不适用于外径小于1/8英寸[3.2毫米]、壁厚小于0.015英寸[0.4毫米]的管子。

1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification. The inch-pound units shall apply unless the “M” designation of this specification is specified in the order.

1.3以英寸-磅单位或国际单位表示的值应单独视为标准值。在文本中，国际单位制显示在括号中。每个系统中所述的值不是完全等效的；因此，每个系统都必须独立使用。结合两个系统的值可能会导致不符合规范。除非订单中指定了本规范的“M”名称，否则应采用英寸-磅单位。

1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

1.4本标准并不旨在解决与其使用相关的所有安全问题（如有）。本标准的使用者有责任在使用前建立适当的安全、健康和环境实践，并确定监管限制的适用性。

1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

1.5本国际标准是根据世界贸易组织技术性贸易壁垒委员会发布的《关于制定国际标准、指南和建议的原则的决定》中确立的国际公认的标准化原则制定的。

What is ASTM A333 Grade 6 pipe equivalent to?  ASTM A333 6级管道相当于什么？

ASTM A333 Grade 6 pipe is equivalent to several international standards including EN/DIN 10216-2, BS 3059 Part 2, and ASME SA-106.

ASTM A333 6级管道相当于几个国际标准，包括EN/DIN 10216-2、BS 3059第2部分和ASME SA-106。

ASTM A334 / ASME SA334 Grade 6 Chemical Compositions  ASTM A334/ASME SA334 6级化学成分

Mechanical Tests Required所需的机械测试

Maximum Hardness Number最大硬度值

A334 GR.6 Impact requirements A334 GR.6撞击要求

A334 GR.6 Impact Temperature Reduction: A334 GR.6冲击温度降低：

Other Mechanical tests as follows:其他机械测试如下：

l  Flattening Test One flattening test shall be made on specimens from each end of one finished tube of each lot.

l压扁试验——应对每批成品管两端的试样进行一次压扁试验。

l  Flare Test (Seamless Tubes) One flare test shall be made on specimens from each end of one finished tube of each lot.

l扩口试验（无缝管）应对每批成品管两端的试样进行一次扩口试验。

l  Flange Test (Welded Tubes) One flange test shall be made on specimens from each end of one finished tube of each lot.

l法兰试验（焊接管）应对每批成品管两端的试样进行一次法兰试验。

l  Reverse Flattening Test For welded tubes, one re- verse flattening test shall be made on a specimen from each 1500 ft [460 m] of finished tubing.

l反向压扁试验对于焊接管，应在每1500英尺[460米]成品管的试样上进行一次反向压扁试验。

l  Hardness Test Brinell or Rockwell hardness tests shall be made on specimens from two tubes from each lot (Note 3).

l硬度试验——应对每批两根管子的试样进行布氏或洛氏硬度试验（注3）。

l  Impact Tests One notched-bar impact test, consisting of breaking three specimens, shall be made from each heat represented in a heat-treatment load on specimens taken from the finished tube.

l冲击试验——从成品管中取出的试样，在热处理载荷中代表的每一炉进行一次缺口棒材冲击试验，包括断裂三个试样。

ASTM A334 / ASME SA334 GR.6 tubes Hydrostatic or NDT test

ASTM A334/ASME SA334 GR.6管静水压或无损检测试验

Each A334 GR.6 tube shall be subjected to the nondestructive electric test or the hydrostatic test. The type of test to be used shall be at the option of the manufacturer, unless otherwise specified in the purchase order.

每根A334 GR.6管应进行无损电气试验或水压试验。除非采购订单中另有规定，否则制造商应选择使用的测试类型。

Heat Treatment热处理

All A334 GR.6 seamless and welded tubes, other than Grades 8 and 11, shall be treated to control their microstructure in Accor- dance with one of the following methods:

除8级和11级外，所有A334 GR.6无缝和焊接管应采用以下方法之一进行处理，以控制其在雅高的微观结构：

• Normalize by heating to a uniform temperature of not less than 1550°F [845°C] and cool in air or in the cooling chamber of an atmosphere-controlled furnace.
• 通过加热至不低于1550°F[845°C]的均匀温度进行正火，并在空气中或气氛控制炉的冷却室中冷却。
• Normalize as in standard 10.1.1, and, at the discretion of the manufacturer, reheat to a suitable tempering temperature.
• 按照标准10.1.1进行正火处理，并由制造商决定重新加热至合适的回火温度。 
• For the seamless process only, reheat and control hot working and the temperature of the hot-finishing operation to a finishing temperature range from 1550 to 1750°F [845 to 955°C] and cool in a controlled atmosphere furnace from an initial temperature of not less than 1550°F [845°C].
• 仅适用于无缝工艺，将热加工和热精加工操作的温度重新加热并控制在1550至1750°F[845至955°C]的精加工温度范围内，并在可控气氛炉中从初始温度不低于1550°F[845]冷却。
• Treat as in 6.1.3 and, at the discretion of the manufacturer, reheat to a suitable tempering temperature.
• 按照6.1.3进行处理，并由制造商决定重新加热至合适的回火温度。

Referenced Documents参考文件

• A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
• A 370钢制品机械试验的试验方法和定义
• A 450/A450M Specification for General Requirements for Carbon, Ferritic Alloy, and Austenitic Alloy Steel Tubes3
• A 450/A450M碳、铁素体合金和奥氏体合金钢管的一般要求规范3
• E 23 Test Methods for Notched Bar Impact Testing of Metallic Materials5
• E 23金属材料缺口冲击试验的试验方法5

Ordering Information订购信息

ASTM ASME A/SA334 GR.6 Seamless Tubes Orders for material under this specification should include the following, as required, to describe the material adequately:

ASTM ASME A/SA334 GR.6本规范下材料的无缝管订单应按要求包括以下内容，以充分描述材料：

• Quantity (feet, centimeters, or number of lengths), 
• 数量（英尺、厘米或长度），
• Name of material (seamless or welded pipe),
• 材料名称（无缝或焊接管），
• Grade
• 等级
• Size (outside diameter and minimum wall thickness),
• 尺寸（外径和最小壁厚），
• Length (specific or random)
• 长度（特定或随机）
• Optional requirements, (other temperatures, Section 13; hydrostatic or electric test, Section 15),
• 可选要求（其他温度，第13节；静水压或电气试验，第15节），
• Test report required, (Certification Section of Specification A 450/A 450M),
• 需要测试报告（规范A 450/A 450M的认证部分），
• Specification designation,
• 规格名称，
• Special requirements and any supplementary requirements selected.
• 特殊要求和选择的任何补充要求。

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The most important and desired changes in alloy steel are合金钢最重要和最理想的变化是

Alloy steels are made by combining carbon steel with one or several alloying elements, such as manganese, silicon, nickel, titanium, copper, chromium and aluminum. These metals are added to produce specific properties that are not found in regular carbon steel. The elements are added in varying proportions (or combinations) making the material take on different aspects such as increased hardness, increased corrosion resistance, increased strength, improved formability (ductility); the weldability can also change.

合金钢是通过将碳钢与一种或多种合金元素（如锰、硅、镍、钛、铜、铬和铝）结合而制成的。添加这些金属是为了产生普通碳钢中没有的特定性能。这些元素以不同的比例（或组合）添加，使材料具有不同的方面，如增加的硬度、增加的耐腐蚀性、增加的强度、改善的可成形性（延展性）；可焊性也会改变。

• Increased hardenability.
• 提高淬透性
• Increased corrosion resistance.
• 提高耐腐蚀性。
• Retention of hardness and strength.
• 保持硬度和强度。
• Nearly all alloy steels require heat treatment in order to bring out their best properties.
• 几乎所有的合金钢都需要热处理才能发挥其最佳性能。

Alloying Elements & Their Effects合金元素及其作用

• Chromium – Adds hardness. Increased toughness and wear resistance.
• 铬——增加硬度。增加韧性和耐磨性。
• Cobalt – Used in making cutting tools; improved Hot Hardness (or Red Hardness).
• 钴——用于制造切削工具；提高了热硬度（或红硬度）。
• Manganese – Increases surface hardness. Improves resistance to strain, hammering & shocks.
• 锰–增加表面硬度。提高抗应变、抗锤击和抗冲击性。
• Molybdenum – Increases strength. Improves resistance to shock and heat.
• 钼-增加强度。提高抗冲击性和耐热性。
• Nickel – Increases strength & toughness. Improves corrosion resistance.
• 镍-增加强度和韧性。提高耐腐蚀性。
• Tungsten – Adds hardness and improves grain structure. Provides improved heat resistance.
• 钨–增加硬度并改善晶粒结构。提供更好的耐热性。
• Vanadium – Increases strength, toughness and shock resistance. Improved corrosion resistance.
• 钒——增加强度、韧性和抗冲击性。提高了耐腐蚀性。
• Chromium-Vanadium – Greatly improved tensile strength. It is hard but easy to bend and cut.
• 铬钒——大大提高了抗拉强度。它很硬，但很容易弯曲和切割。